Cov kuab tshuaj extraction txoj kev rau Suav tshuaj ntsuab extracts yog ib txoj kev ntawm dissolving lub active cov khoom xyaw los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cov ntaub so ntswg raws li solubility zog ntawm ntau yam Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv Suav tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Cov kuab tshuaj muaj lub siab solubility rau cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab solubility tsawg rau cov khoom uas tsis tas yuav yaj.

Thaum cov kuab tshuaj ntxiv rau Suav tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj raw khoom (uas yuav tsum tau crushed kom zoo), cov kuab tshuaj maj nkag mus rau hauv lub cell los ntawm lub cell phab ntsa vim diffusion thiab osmosis, dissolving cov soluble tshuaj thiab ua rau ib tug concentration sib txawv nyob rau hauv thiab sab nraud. lub cell. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tshuaj concentrated nyob rau hauv lub cell txuas ntxiv mus rau sab nraud, thiab cov kuab tshuaj tseem nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov txheej txheem no rov qab mus rau ntau zaus kom txog thaum lub concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv thiab sab nraum lub cell mus txog ib tug dynamic equilibrium. Cov tshuaj saturated yog lim tawm, thiab cov kuab tshuaj tshiab tau ntxiv ntau zaus kom rho tawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua tiav lossis feem ntau.

Feem ntau siv cov kuab tshuaj

1. Dej:

- Nta: muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev lag luam, thiab yooj yim kom tau txais, nws yog cov khoom hnyav tshaj plaws.

- Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov: haum rau feem ntau suav tshuaj cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dej-soluble Cheebtsam xws li polysaccharides, proteins, saponins, thiab lwm yam.

- Qhov tsis zoo: cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo ntawm qee cov roj-soluble Cheebtsam.

2. Ethanol:

- Nta: feem ntau siv concentration yog 30% -95%, cov kuab tshuaj organic, tuaj yeem yaj ntau yam sib txuas.

- Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov: dav siv los rho tawm flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, thiab lwm yam.

- Disadvantages: flammable, kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum ua haujlwm.

3. Methanol:

- Nta: loj polarity thiab muaj zog solubility.

- Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov: siv rau kev rho tawm ua ntej thiab sib cais ntawm qee yam hauv cov nroj tsuag.

- Qhov tsis zoo: tshuaj lom, tsis haum rau cov khoom kawg ntawm cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj.

4. Acetone:

- Nta: muaj zog solubility thiab yooj yim rau volatilize.

- Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov: haum rau extraction ntawm ntau yam Cheebtsam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj roj-soluble Cheebtsam.

- Qhov tsis zoo: tshuaj lom thiab flammable, thov xyuam xim rau kev nyab xeeb thaum siv.

5. Ethyl acetate:

- Nta: nruab nrab polarity, zoo solubility.

- Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov: haum rau extraction ntawm nruab nrab polar tebchaw.

- Qhov tsis zoo: volatile, thov xyuam xim rau qhov cua.v

Hom kev rho tawm

1. Txoj kev rho tawm dej:

- Cov kauj ruam: Kub thiab boil cov khoom siv tshuaj nrog dej, khaws cia rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab ces lim cov extract.

- Daim ntawv thov: Muaj feem xyuam rau feem ntau cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv Suav teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov dej-soluble Cheebtsam.

2. Txoj kev rho tawm cawv:

- Cov kauj ruam: Sib tov cov khoom siv tshuaj nrog ethanol tov, soak lossis cua sov, thiab lim cov extract.

- Daim ntawv thov: Siv los rho tawm cov organic xws li flavonoids, glycosides, thiab alkaloids.

3. Ultrasonic extraction txoj kev:

- Cov kauj ruam: Siv lub vibration ntawm ultrasound kom ceev cov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.

- Daim ntawv thov: Txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov extraction thiab muaj feem xyuam rau ntau yam kuab tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj.

4. Txoj kev txias txias:

- Cov kauj ruam: Soak cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj, tawm hauv chav sov rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd lim cov extract.

- Daim ntawv thov: Muaj feem xyuam rau kev rho tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-rhiab.

5. Reflux extraction method:

- Cov kauj ruam: Ua kom sov cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj ua ke rau reflux, kom cov kuab tshuaj evaporates thiab condenses tsis tu ncua, thiab rho tawm cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv ib lub voj voog.

- Daim ntawv thov: Haum rau cov khoom siv tshuaj uas nws cov khoom nyuaj rau rho tawm.

6. Supercritical kua extraction txoj kev:

- Cov kauj ruam: Siv cov kua dej xws li carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv lub xeev supercritical ua cov kuab tshuaj kom tshem tawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj.

- Daim ntawv thov: Siv rau kev tshem tawm cov cua sov-rhiab thiab yooj yim oxidized Cheebtsam, thiab cov extraction purity siab.